In close cooperation with the German Development Institute (DIE), NewClimate developed a study on the relevance of developing countries and emerging economies for the achievement of the Paris Agreement. The study analyses the need for and potential synergies of a stronger integration of climate and development policy. A focus is placed on the contributions of countries in the global South to the achievement of the Agenda 2030 and the Paris Agreement. Current emissions trends, also in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, and vulnerabilities with a view to irreversible climate impacts are illustrated in the context of a likely temperature increase of 1.5°C. This stocktaking 5 years after the adoption of the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 provides the basis of a detailed analysis of selected action areas and instruments at the intersection of climate and development policy. Closer analysis and recommendations are provided for the following five action areas:

• Modernising energy production around the world
• Making urbanisation climate-friendly
• Safeguarding global food security with low emissions
• Conserving forests and ecosystems
• Taking account of sustainable water use