Publications

Climate, COVID-19, and the Developing Country Debt Crisis Apr 2021 - Debt for climate swaps may represent part of a larger approach to address the COVID-19, economic, climate triple crisis. This working paper explores potential criteria for prioritising potential partner countries to pursue such approaches. (...)

The energy transition after COVID-19 Feb 2021 - This paper discusses the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 crisis on the energy sector and frames it in the broader perspective of the climate crisis and development aspirations. (...)

Decarbonisation scenarios for the transport sector in Georgia Jan 2021 - This report explores several emission pathway scenarios for Georgia’s transport sector, in the context of the challenges currently faced in the sector, and the implications of international climate commitments and national development objectives. (...)

A review of successful climate change mitigation policies in major emitting economies and the potential of global replication Jan 2021 - This journal article in ‘Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews’ looks at climate change mitigation policies in five major emitting economies and the potential of global replication of sectors’ progress. (...)

Renovation in Poland Jan 2021 - In the coming years, Poland will gain access to unprecedented funds for thermal modernization of buildings. Limited monitoring of financial flows in the area of buildings renovation creates a risk of only partial and inefficient use of this opportunity. (...)

Decarbonisation Pathways for the EU Cement Sector Dec 2020 - What technical options are there for the EU cement sector to decarbonise, and how can ambition be raised in the near, mid and long term? (...)

Decreasing costs of renewables in Argentina (two reports) Dec 2020 - The research looks at how cost reductions for renewable energy technologies impact energy planning and climate policy in Argentina, including in the NDC process. (...)

Results-Based Finance in the Paris Era Dec 2020 - A discussion of using aspects of carbon market mechanisms for results based finance in the Paris era, including challenges, some solutions, and a potential niche role going forward. (...)

Subnational and non-state action in the EU Dec 2020 - This working paper describes the landscape, (additional) GHG emission reduction potential, and progress towards target realisation of subnational and non-state actors in the EU. (...)

The Emissions Gap Report 2020 Dec 2020 - The 11th edition of the UNEP Emissions Gap Report assesses the gap between “where we are likely to be and where we need to be”, which has become known as the ‘emissions gap’. Additionally, this year it examines two areas that are highly relevant for bridging the gap, especially during… (...)

The Climate Change Performance Index 2021 Dec 2020 - Developed by Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute and CAN, the index rates 57 greenhouse emitters globally since 2005. (...)

NDC Update Report December 2020 – Come together Dec 2020 - The 2020 NDC Update report discusses countries’ preparedness to ratchet up ambition in the first NDC update cycle amidst a global health crisis. We see reasons for optimism, but action widely lags behind, 2021 is the year we have to come together and act decisively. (...)

Indicators for the promotion of sustainable development in carbon market mechanisms Dec 2020 - This report assesses options for the effective implementation of sustainable development impact assessment, in the context of climate change mitigation mechanisms such as those of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. (...)

Indicators for sustainable development under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Dec 2020 - This report analyses how the role of sustainable development can be strengthened in the process of further designing the mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. (...)

Haciendo Realidad las Estrategias a Largo Plazo para un Desarrollo Bajo en Emisiones de GEI Dec 2020 - Esta guía ofrece recomendaciones a los tomadores de decisiones sobre cómo abordar la elaboración de una LTS o estrategia a largo plazo para un desarrollo bajo en emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, dadas las circunstancias singulares de cada país en 2020, y de las futuras revisiones de la misma. (...)

Analysis of current developments in global carbon markets Dec 2020 - The major aim of this research project was to provide insights on the state of current carbon market activities and options for supporting the continuation of new and existing mitigation activities in the pre-2020 period. This report contains a summary of the findings and combined conclusions from all analysis components… (...)

Climate Action Tracker Global update: Paris Agreement Turning Point Dec 2020 - The recent wave of net zero targets has put the Paris Agreement’s 1.5°C within striking distance. In this briefing, the Climate Action Tracker (CAT) has calculated that global warming by 2100 could be as low as 2.1°C as a result of all the net zero pledges announced as of November… (...)

Considerations for Article 6 engagement Nov 2020 - What should countries considering hosting emission reduction activities take into account with regard to engaging in carbon markets under the Paris Agreement. (...)

Setting Incentives for Emission Reductions in Developing Countries: The Case of Social Housing in Colombia Nov 2020 - Exploration and discussion of considerations for a Net Zero Energy Building Article 6 Pilot under the Paris Agreement in Colombia. (...)

CDM supply potential for emission reductions up to the end of 2020 Nov 2020 - Updated estimates of CDM supply potential to inform ongoing negotiations at the UNFCCC on rules for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. (...)

Future role for voluntary carbon markets in the Paris era Nov 2020 - We critically assess options for the voluntary carbon market and offer a set of recommendations, heading into the Paris era. (...)

Analysis and assessment of the design of an offsetting system for international aviation Nov 2020 - This research project analyses matters that are critical for implementing CORSIA and ensuring that it effectively delivers on its objective of achieving carbon neutral growth. (...)

Navigating the nuances of net-zero targets Oct 2020 - We seek to unravel net-zero targets to better enable the identification of truly ambitious actors and enhance support towards them. (...)

Sub- and non-state climate action: A framework to assess progress, implementation and impact Oct 2020 - This Climate Policy journal article introduces a conceptual framework to assess the progress, implementation, and impact of climate action by sub- and non-state actors. (...)

Overview of recently adopted mitigation policies and climate-relevant policy responses to COVID-19 – 2020 Update Oct 2020 - This report presents an overview of recent climate mitigation policies, climate-relevant responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and a state of play of NDC and LTS submissions in 25 countries and regions. (...)

Climate Action Tracker global update: Pandemic recovery with just a hint of green Sep 2020 - In this briefing, the Climate Action Tracker examines the COVID-19 recovery packages of five major emitters – China, EU27, India, South Korea and the USA; we present the global temperature update, taking into account the economic impact of COVID-19; and we share key insights from the updated assessments for 13… (...)

Unpacking the finance sector’s climate related investment commitments Sep 2020 - This report provides insights into the magnitude and ambition of financial institution’s climate-related investment targets, and investigates their relationship with GHG emissions in the real economy. (...)

Accelerating Net Zero: Exploring Cities, Regions, and Companies’ Pledges
to Decarbonise Sep 2020 - A growing number of subnational and corporate actors set net-zero emissions targets. This paper provides an summary of the momentum of target setting among these subnational and corporate actors. (...)

Aligning transport investments with the Paris Agreement Sep 2020 - We assess the EIB's transport-related investment portfolio 2015-2019 and propose evaluation criteria to align transport investments with the Paris Agreement. (...)

Climate neutrality claims Sep 2020 - Country and company climate neutrality targets are not all equal. This discussion paper explores factors to consider in gauging the ambition of climate neutrality targets from climate leadership to greenwashing. (...)

A radical transformation of mobility in Europe: Exploring the decarbonisation of the transport sector by 2040 Sep 2020 - This report presents a pathway and required policy packages to decarbonise the European transport sector by 2040. (...)

Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global emission projections Sep 2020 - This report assesses the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated recovery measures on emissions out to 2030 and provide a framework for analysing the ‘greenness’ of recovery packages. (...)

Correcting course: the emission reduction potential of international cooperative initiatives Aug 2020 - This article quantifies the aggregate potential of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions in 2030 from full implementation of 17 major international cooperative initiatives. (...)

Fair contributions versus fastest possible reductions Aug 2020 - In this paper with Fraunhofer ISI, we argue that only the combination of assessments on "what is a fair contribution" and of "how much could emissions technically be reduced" can give sufficient guidance for national greenhouse gas emissions targets that are in line with the Paris Agreement. (...)

Options for supporting Carbon Dioxide Removal Jul 2020 - This paper examines the broad policy frameworks that can support the development and upscaling of Carbon Dioxide Removal and, in particular, whether CDR can be supported by offsetting schemes. (...)

Making long-term low GHG emissions development strategies a reality May 2020 - This guidance provides recommendations to policy makers on how to approach the development of a long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy (LTS) given the unique circumstances of individual countries in 2020, and future revisions thereof. (...)

Zwei neue Klimaschutzziele für Deutschland May 2020 - Diese Kurzstudie beschäftigt sich mit den aktuellen Klimaschutzzielen der deutschen Bundesregierung und deren Kompatibilität mit dem deutschen CO2 Budget. Dafür hat NewClimate Institute die Entstehungsgeschichte der deutschen Klimaschutzziele zusammengetragen und ein Budget von Treibhausgasemissionen ausgerechnet, das einem fairen Beitrag für Deutschland entspräche. (...)

The ICAT Policy Assessment Guides May 2020 - The ICAT Assessment Guides provide governments and non-state actors with the means to assess the impacts of national policies and actions that reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Besides assessing impacts on emissions, the Guides help to assess impacts on countries’ sustainable development goals and the potential for transformational change. (...)

Options for Improving the Emission Unit Eligibility Criteria (EUCs) under the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) May 2020 - This discussion paper assesses options for improving the current Emissions Unit Eligibility Criteria (EUCs) used for the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) adopted by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). (...)

Good Practice Database Summary Report Apr 2020 - In continuation of the Good Practice Analysis (GPA) 1.0 and 2.0, this analysis of new case studies for the Good Practice Database (GPD) enhances and expands the existing repository of good practice examples with a focus on NDC implementation. (...)

Beyond national climate action: the impact of region, city, and business commitments on global greenhouse gas emissions Mar 2020 - This article quantifies the net aggregate impact in 2030 of commitments by individual non-state and subnational actors (e.g. regions, cities and businesses, collectively referred to as ‘NSAs’) to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. (...)

Six Memos on the Multilateral Development Banks’ Paris Alignment Approach Mar 2020 - Principles and recommendations for robust alignment of MDB lending activities from NewClimate, Germanwatch, and the World Resources Institute. (...)

The Mongolian electricity sector in the context of international
climate mitigation efforts Mar 2020 - Synthesis report on the impacts of electricity supply sector development in Mongolia on climate change targets and health impacts associted to air pollution from coal power plants. (...)

Emissions: four times the work or one-third of the time (English) Mar 2020 - This comment published in "Nature" uses the last ten UNEP reports to show what a wasted decade means for the climate pact made in Paris. (...)

Emissionen: viermal so viel Arbeit – oder ein Drittel der Zeit (Deutsch) Mar 2020 - Dieser im "Nature"-Journal veröffentlichte Kommentar zeigt anhand der letzten zehn UNEP-"Gap"-Berichte, was ein versäumtes Jahrzehnt für den in Paris geschlossenen Klimapakt bedeutet. (...)

Ambitious climate actions and targets by countries, regions, cities and businesses Feb 2020 - This is a growing list of truly ambitious climate actions and targets by countries, regions, cities, and businesses. It shows that in all areas, there are actors that aim for the ambition level needed to fully decarbonise our society. (...)

A roadmap for the power supply sector in Argentina Feb 2020 - The “Ambition to Action” (A2A) project provided support to the Argentinian NDC process between March 2017 and December 2019. This report provides a synthesis of the results of three years of supporting governmental and non-governmental constituencies with analytical support for the energy supply sector. (...)

Climate change and sustainable development in the Kenyan electricity sector Feb 2020 - Synthesis report on the impacts of electricity sector development in Kenya on national sustainable development and climate change targets. (...)

Assessing sustainable development impacts of scaling-up climate action in the electricity sector Feb 2020 - This paper formulates six key lessons learnt for the assessment of sustainable development impacts and their integration into climate policy making. (...)

Renewable heating virtual Article 6 pilot Jan 2020 - Ground source heat pumps in Mongolia - an ambitious option for an Article 6 ITMO transaction. (...)

Net-zero energy housing virtual Article 6 pilot Jan 2020 - Net-zero energy buildings in Colombia - an ambitious option for an ambitious Article 6 ITMO transaction. (...)

Tracking climate-related investments and finance flows Jan 2020 - This paper discusses ways to identify investments that can be accounted as low-carbon activities and offers further recommendations regarding the solutions that help to reduce the gap between current financial structures and the objectives of the national low-emission transition. (...)

Supporting vulnerable CDM projects through credit purchase facilities Jan 2020 - This paper analyses the impact of credit purchase facilities for supporting vulnerable CDM projects. (...)

Ambition in the making: analysing the preparation and implementation process of the Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement Jan 2020 - This article analyses under what conditions countries can be expected to develop NDCs that are sufficiently ambitious to contribute to fulfilling the Paris Agreement goals. (...)

Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios for major emitting countries – Analysis of current climate policies and mitigation commitments: 2019 Update Dec 2019 - This report provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 25 major emitting countries/regions up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current policies and the implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). (...)

Climate Action Tracker global update: Governments still showing little sign of acting on climate crisis Dec 2019 - In this briefing, the Climate Action Tracker presents the global temperature updates and shares key insights from the updated assessments for the 36 countries assessed by the Climate Action Tracker. Additionally, we introduce the new Climate Target Update Tracker. (...)

The Climate Change Performance Index 2020 Dec 2019 - Developed by NewClimate Institute, Germanwatch and CAN, the index ties in with the global Climate Change Performance Index by Germanwatch, a rating of the 58 largest emitters of GHG emissions globally that has been published annually since 2006. (...)

NDC Update Report December 2019 – Long-term, society-wide visions for immediate action Dec 2019 - The NDC Update Report tracks the progress on the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement. The theme of this report is the role of long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LTSs) in achieving the Paris Agreement goal. (...)

Assessment of the potentials to increase emissions reduction targets by the major GHGs emitters taking into consideration technological and political feasibility Dec 2019 - This report shows the potential distribution of the emissions reduction efforts between different Parties based on different approaches and presents an in-depth assessment of the circumstances influencing the (over-) achievement of the currently suggested emissions reduction goals. (...)

Fairness- and Cost-Effectiveness-Based Approaches to Effort-Sharing under the Paris Agreement Dec 2019 - This report shows national GHG emissions reductions for 2030 and 2050 that are consistent with the Paris Agreements’ long-term temperature goal, both based on fairness and cost-effectiveness approaches. (...)

Tackling the Challenges of Assessing Collective Progress for an Effective Global Stocktake Nov 2019 - This summary report creates a framework to evaluate if a GST is successful and formulates recommendations for the design of the GST process. (...)

Guiding questions for the Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement Nov 2019 - The independent Global Stocktake (iGST) seeks to increase the accuracy, transparency, accountability, and relevance of the official Global Stocktake benchmarking process by bringing together independent researchers and advocates. In this paper, build on previous work, we aim to identify knowledge gaps as well as potential areas of focus for a… (...)

The role of international carbon markets in a decarbonising world Nov 2019 - The goals of the Paris Agreement require countries to develop and implement long term strategies which chart out the fastest decarbonisation pathway technically feasible. The role of offsets in such a decarbonising world must shift from current practice to avoid undermining the ambition and meaning of net-zero targets. (...)

The Emissions Gap Report 2019: A UN Environment Synthesis Report Nov 2019 - This is the tenth edition of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Emissions Gap Report. It provides the latest assessment of scientific studies on current and estimated future greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and compares these with the emission levels permissible for the world to progress on a least-cost pathway to… (...)

The role of renewable energy mini-grids in Kenya’s electricity sector Nov 2019 - This report synthesises available analyses on the role and potential of mini-grids in Kenya and explores how this technology can help the country attain its goal of universal electrification by 2022 and also contribute to the achievement of other related development objectives. (...)

The role of geothermal and coal in Kenya’s electricity sector and implications for sustainable development Nov 2019 - This study aims at supporting decision making in the electricity sector in Kenya by comparing geothermal and coal, and the impact of developing these technologies on generation costs, affordability of electricity, and overall flexibility and reliability of electricity supply. (...)

Offset credit supply potential for CORSIA Nov 2019 - In this discussion paper we estimate the potential supply of carbon offset credits to meet demand from international aviation under CORSIA under a number of different scenarios which include different types of restrictions imposed on the eligibility of offset credits. (...)

Unlocking Low Cost Renewables in South East Europe Oct 2019 - This report explores how various political and financial measures could help to "de-risk" renewables investment using onshore wind investments in Serbia and Greece as case examples. (...)

Transition Towards a Decarbonised Electricity Sector Oct 2019 - This paper supports countries to understand where they are in the power system transformation process and how they can accelerate the process. (...)

Bridging the Gap: Enhancing mitigation ambition and action at G20 level
and globally Sep 2019 - This pre-released chapter of the 2019 Emissions Gap Report provides an overview of recent ambitious climate actions by governments as well as non-state actors, and a detailed overview of policy progress and opportunities for enhanced mitigation ambition for selected G20 members. (...)

A possible 2050 climate target for the EU Sep 2019 - The EU’s 2050 GHG reduction target of 80-95% from 1990 levels is outdated and requires a more ambitious targets of net-zero by 2030-2040 to stay in line with 2°C. (...)

Climate Action Tracker global update: Pledged action leads to 2.9°C – time to boost national climate action Sep 2019 - In this briefing, the Climate Action Tracker finds that this year there has only been a tiny improvement in the total effect of Paris Agreement commitments and of national policies on warming by the end of the century since the last update December 2018, with action only inching forward -… (...)

Global climate action from cities, regions and businesses – 2019 Sep 2019 - This report is the second global analysis of local and regional government and corporate climate contributions, updating “Global Climate Action from Cities, Regions, and Companies” launched at the 2018 Global Climate Action Summit. (...)

The Ambition Call – European Union Aug 2019 - This paper provides concrete recommendations for immediate climate action in the EU. It specifically targets the negotiations at the UN Secretary-General climate summit in September 2019. (...)

How could the concept of an “overall mitigation in global emissions” (OMGE) be operationalized under the Paris Agreement? Jun 2019 - This paper addresses questions that have been raised in relation to OMGE. It draws on a study conducted by Lambert Schneider and NewClimate Institute. (...)

Consolidation of climate planning processes in the Energy Community Contracting Parties Jun 2019 - This paper looks to provide Contracting Parties of the Energy Community with guidance on how they could consolidate their multiple climate change planning processes and international obligations into one single process ensuring efficiency and alignment. (...)

A ten point agenda for delivering higher mitigation ambition Jun 2019 - The paper formulates 10 points for mitigation ambition and includes recommendations on ways to support ambition raising through international cooperation. (...)

Sector decarbonisation pathways from different angles: technology, modelling, politics Jun 2019 - In this mid-year edition of the NDC Update Report, we focus on sector decarbonisation pathways. We discuss what it takes to think through the choices involved in shaping a Paris-compatible sector future from a number of different perspectives. (...)

GHG mitigation policies in major emitting countries: an overview of recently adopted policies Jun 2019 - This document presents an overview of climate and energy policies mostly adopted between July 2018 and May 2019 in 25 countries and regions. The policy information compiled by NewClimate Institute, PBL and IIASA in this document supplements the December 2018 report on the projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under currently… (...)

Bringing climate policy up to date – decreasing cost projections for renewable energy and batteries and their implications (case study Canada) May 2019 - This case study presents the potential impact of lower battery and renewable energy costs projections in Canada's NDC emissions reductions target. (...)

Bringing climate policy up to date – decreasing cost projections for renewable energy and batteries and their implications (case study Chile) May 2019 - This case study presents the potential impact of lower battery and renewable energy costs projections in Chile's NDC emissions reductions target. (...)

Nordic opportunities to provide leadership in the Global Climate Action Agenda May 2019 - This paper evaluates the current and potential future involvement of Nordic countries in initiatives under the Global Climate Action Agenda. (...)

Analysing the interactions between new market mechanisms and emissions trading schemes: Opportunities and prospects for countries to use Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Apr 2019 - This report conducts a detailed analysis of the provisions related to market mechanisms of the Paris Agreement (Article 6), identifies issues that should be taken into account when elaborating the rulebook for the Paris Agreement, and answers the question whether different countries are ready for engaging with market mechanisms under… (...)

Carbon pricing options for international maritime emissions Mar 2019 - In this paper we explore three different options for a market-based measure to address the climate impact of shipping: an offsetting scheme, a maritime emissions trading scheme, and a climate levy. We conclude that a climate levy would be the most appropriate measure to reduce emissions in the maritime sector. (...)

1,5°C: Was Deutschland tun muss Mar 2019 - Diese Kurzanalyse erarbeitet mögliche Pfade, die Deutschland anstreben sollte, um mit den Zielen des Pariser Abkommens kompatibel zu sein, und setzt diese in ein Verhältnis zu den derzeitigen nationalen Minderungszielen. (...)

1,5°C: what Germany needs to do Mar 2019 - This short analysis develops possible pathways that Germany should pursue to be compatible with the Paris Agreement, and compares those pathways to current national mitigation goals. The document is in German, but an English summary is included in the report. (...)

Was kostet ein Verfehlen des 2030-Klimaziels im Verkehrssektor? (German) Mar 2019 - Das Verfehlen des deutschen Treibhausgasemissionsziels im Verkehrssektors zwischen 2021 und 2030 könnte zu Zahlungen in der Höhe von 3 bis 36 Milliarden € führen. (...)

Robust eligibility criteria essential for new global scheme to offset aviation emissions Feb 2019 - This letter in Nature Climate Change finds that CORSIA will only compensate for the emissions increase of international aviation if robust criteria for the eligibility of offset credits are adopted. (...)

Domestic Landscape of Climate Finance Feb 2019 - This publication describes existing methods to track climate finance and illustrates how these can be helpful for different stakeholders, with a specific focus on Poland. (...)

Realizing the promise of Paris: Roadmap to a safer climate Jan 2019 - NRDC and NewClimate Institute examined a realistic set of 24 actions to reduce climate pollution from key countries and sectors. Just 19 of these actions can put the world on track for an emissions pathway needed in 2030 to hold global warming to below 2°C. (...)

Comment on Paris compatibility of “Plataforma” scenarios Jan 2019 - NewClimate Institute was asked to write a comment on the Paris compatibility of the energy sector scenarios developed under the Plataforma Escenarios Energéticos Argentina 2040 initiative. The comment discusses how global pathways towards Paris compatibility can be broken down to countries and sectors, highlighting the relevance of the energy sector. (...)

A research roadmap for quantifying non-state and subnational
climate mitigation action Dec 2018 - In this paper, we make recommendations regarding five main areas of research and methodological development related to evaluating nonstate and subnational climate actions. (...)

Are the G20 economies making enough progress to meet their NDC targets? Dec 2018 - This study compares projected GHG emissions in the G20 economies under current climate policies to those under the GHG targets outlined in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs). (...)

Climate Action Tracker global update: Some progress since Paris, but not enough, as governments amble towards 3°C of warming Dec 2018 - The Climate Action Tracker's (CAT) estimate of the total warming of the aggregate effect of Paris Agreement commitments and of real-world policy show little change. If all governments achieved their Paris Agreement commitments the world will likely warm 3.0°C—twice the 1.5°C limit they agreed in Paris. (...)

The Climate Change Performance Index 2019 Dec 2018 - Developed by NewClimate Institute, Germanwatch and CAN, the index ties in with the global Climate Change Performance Index by Germanwatch, a rating of the 58 largest emitters of GHG emissions globally that has been published annually since 2006. (...)

NDC Update Report November 2018 – Ambition: Taking a long-term perspective Dec 2018 - The NDC Update Report tracks the progress on the implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement. The theme of this edition is "Ambition": We look ahead and explore whether governments are ready for the next round of pledges and where support and preparation could focus. (...)

Toward Paris Alignment: How the Multilateral Development Banks Can Better Support the Paris Agreement Dec 2018 - This report describes a new Paradigm for Multilateral Development Banks to contribute to the fight against climate change, and provides recommendations on how the MDBs can transition from the current Climate Finance Paradigm to the new Paris Alignment Paradigm. (...)

Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios for major emitting countries – Analysis of current climate policies and mitigation commitments: 2018 update Dec 2018 - This report provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 25 major emitting countries/regions up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current policies and the implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Peru Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Peru under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of renewable energy in the electricity generation mix, the transport sector… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Morocco Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Morocco under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of urban environment, the mineral sector and the transport sector. A… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Islamic Republic of Iran Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Islamic Republic of Iranunder the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of demand-side efficiency through energy-price reform, upstream oil… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Georgia Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Georgia under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of transport, energy efficiency opportunities across high-emitting industry sub-sectors and waste… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Ethiopia Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Ethiopia under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of agriculture, forestry and low-emission transport. (...)

The Emissions Gap Report 2018: A UN Environment Synthesis Report Nov 2018 - This is the 9th edition of the UN Environment Emissions Gap Report. It assesses the latest scientific studies on current and estimated future greenhouse gas emissions and compares these with the emission levels permissible for the world to progress on a least-cost pathway to achieve the goals of the Paris… (...)

Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2018 Nov 2018 - The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor ranks G20 member states on their current attractiveness as potential destinations for investments in low-carbon electricity infrastructure. It further considers their current and future investment needs in line with a trajectory compatible with the 2°C/1.5°C temperature limits of the Paris Agreement. (...)

Increasing climate resilience in the Northern Territory: Harnessing opportunities and mitigating climate risk Nov 2018 - This report aims to inform the development of a climate change strategy in the Northern Territory (of Australia). It serves to highlight examples of how the Northern Territory Government can mitigate climate risk and realise the significant opportunities associated with implementing climate solutions. (...)

Operationalising an ‘overall mitigation in global emissions’ under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement Nov 2018 - A key requirement of the mechanism established by Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement is that it shall aim to deliver an overall mitigation in global emissions. This report identifies and discusses key options for operationalising this concept, leading to distinct recommendations to support the ongoing... (...)

Brown to Green Report 2018 Nov 2018 - This report assesses how far the G20 countries have progressed in their transition from a “brown” economy based on fossil fuels to a “green” low-carbon and climate resilient economy. (...)

SCAN (SDG & Climate Action Nexus) tool: Linking Climate Action and the Sustainable Development Goals Nov 2018 - The SDG Climate Action Nexus tool (SCAN-tool) is designed to provide high-level guidance on how mitigation actions can impact achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Colombia Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Colombia under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of renewable energy production from wind and solar PV, social housing,… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Republic of Marshall Islands Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Republic of Marshall Islands under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of transport – especially low-carbon domestic shipping… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Kenya Country Report Nov 2018 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Kenya under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of reforestation, afforestation and decreasing deforestation as well as efficient biomass… (...)

The future role of the Adaptation Fund in the international climate finance architecture Oct 2018 - Parties will take important decisions about the future of the Adaptation Fund at COP 24 in Katowice, Poland. This paper provides recommendations for those negotiations specifically regarding the Fund’s operating modalities including future mobilization of sources of finance; safeguards; and governance. (...)

Aligning Investments with the Temperature Goal of the Paris Agreement Sep 2018 - This working paper assesses how Multilateral Development Banks can support the global temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. It illustrates how the banks could strengthen existing tools to align their portfolios and activities with the globally agreed mitigation goal. Other finance institutions can also profit from many of the approaches… (...)

Coordinating finance for sustainable refrigeration and air conditioning Sep 2018 - This paper provides an overview of the current situation and options for financing sustainable refrigeration and air conditioning. (...)

Crediting Forest-related Mitigation under International Carbon Market Mechanisms Sep 2018 - This discussion paper explores environmental risks from the inclusion of forest offset credits in the Paris Agreement’s Article 6 and CORSIA, and examines approaches to address such risks. A number of challenges surrounding environmental integrity notably baseline determination, additionality, permanence, and leakage are discussed as well as environmental and social… (...)

Bridging the emissions gap – The role of non-state and subnational actors Sep 2018 - This publication is a pre-release version of a chapter in the forthcoming UN Environment Emissions Gap Report 2018. It provides an assessment of the role and potential impact of mitigation actions by non-state and subnational actors such as cities, states, regions, companies, investors and foundations. (...)

Climate Opportunity Report: More Jobs, Better Health, Liveable Cities Sep 2018 - The Climate Opportunity report investigates the economic, social and environmental benefits for climate change mitigation action in cities. A methodology report provides a blueprint for replicating the analysis for other regions and specific urban areas. (...)

Global climate action from cities, regions and businesses Aug 2018 - This report is the most comprehensive assessment of non-state actor commitments to reduce greenhouse gases to date. Key results show that action by cities, states, regions and business can go a long way towards meeting the goals of the Paris Climate Agreement, but their actions alone are not enough to… (...)

Setting the Paris Agreement in Motion: Key Requirements for the Implementing Guidelines Aug 2018 - With the December 2018 deadline to operationalize the Paris Agreement looming, climate negotiators are faced with the herculean task of pulling together volumes of draft notes and the disparate views of negotiating blocs into comprehensive implementing guidelines to be adopted later this year. A new paper from the Project for Advancing… (...)

National climate change mitigation legislation, strategy
and targets: a global update Aug 2018 - This paper analyses trends in adoption of national climate legislation and strategies, GHG targets, and renewable and energy efficiency targets in almost all UNFCCC Parties, focusing on the period from 2007 to 2017. (...)

Short term policies to keep the door open for Paris climate goals Jul 2018 - This article shows how a strengthening of existing plans by a global roll-out of successful, regional sector policies can ease the implementation challenge of reaching the Paris climate goals. (...)

Tunisia: Derisking Renewable Energy Investment 2018 Jun 2018 - The objective of this study is to analyse the most cost-effective public derisking measures to promote private sector investment in large-scale wind energy and solar photovoltaic (PV) in Tunisia. The study performs a quantitative, investment-risk informed modelling analysis. Modelling data has been obtained from structured interviews with private sector investors… (...)

Reducing global GHG emissions by replicating successful sector examples: the ‘good practice policies’ scenario Jun 2018 - This article shows the potential impact on global GHG emissions in 2030, if all countries were to implement sectoral climate policies similar to successful examples already implemented elsewhere. (...)

Opportunities and safeguards for ambition raising through Article 6 May 2018 - In this paper, we discuss the ambition raising implications to engage in voluntary cooperation under Article 6 for the originating Parties. The paper shows why Article 6 should focus on driving mitigation in otherwise inaccessible abatement options and why it is critical that support should only last for a limited… (...)

NDC Update Report Special Edition: Linking NDCs and SDGs May 2018 - In this special edition of the NDC Update Report, we focus on the relationship between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and explore how climate and development actions can support each other. (...)

The EU can increase its climate targets to be in line with a global 1.5°C target May 2018 - This project analyses best practice policies across Europe and how far extending them to all EU member states could support EU Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and energy targets. It finds that the EU can go much further than its current commitments in terms of GHG reductions: it has the potential to… (...)

Paris Tango. Climate action so far in 2018: individual countries step forward, others backward, risking stranded coal assets May 2018 - Climate Action Tracker has updated our assessments of 23 of the 32 countries whose development on climate action we track. While some progress has been made since November, most governments’ policies are still not on track towards meeting their Paris Agreement commitments, many of which are in themselves far from… (...)

Achieving the ambition of Paris: Designing the global stocktake May 2018 - The Project for Advancing Climate Transparency (PACT) consortium supports the design and development of robust and effective transparency and accountability rules and processes for the Paris Agreement on climate change. This working paper explores the global stocktake created by the Paris Agreement and the design of the modalities, procedures, and… (...)

Update: GHG mitigation scenarios for major emitting countries – an overview of recently adopted policies Apr 2018 - NewClimate Institute, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and IIASA present an overview of on climate and energy policies in 25 major emitting countries and regions that have been adopted since July 2017. The policy information compiled by in this document supplements the earlier 2017 update report on the projected greenhouse… (...)

For the Talanoa dialogue: Input from the Climate Action Tracker Apr 2018 - The Climate Action Tracker (CAT) with this paper is pleased to have the opportunity to provide input to the Talanoa Dialogue. Climate Action Tracker assesses countries’ mitigation targets and actions and aggregates them at the global level. This submission focuses on global results, country level information is available on climateactiontracker.org. (...)

NewClimate’s Input to the Talanoa dialogue Apr 2018 - The outputs from research activities that NewClimate Institute undertook with various partners, are presented as inputs to the Talanoa Dialogue, organised along the themes mitigation and finance/support and along the main questions of the dialogue: “Where are we?”, “Where do we need to be?” and “How do we get there?”. (...)

Non-state action towards climate-friendly and energy-efficient cooling Apr 2018 - Although timely action on HFCs is likely to bring multiple benefits for end-users of cooling technologies, only few non-state actor driven initiatives exist yet that specifically target the RAC sector. It is important to address the barriers to non-state action in the RAC sector, while recognising that non-state action always… (...)

Discussion paper: Marginal cost of CER supply and implications of demand sources Mar 2018 - In this discussion paper we estimate the marginal cost of supplying certified emissions reduction units (CERs) from projects that are currently registered under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). We develop a supply curve using data on the individual ability of projects to potentially supply CERs over the period up to… (...)

What’s on the table? Mitigating agricultural emissions while achieving food security Jan 2018 - A new analysis of agricultural emissions by the Climate Action Tracker shows that reducing emissions through changes in farming practices alone will not be enough to limit global warming to 1.5°C, but changing our diets and reducing food waste could make significant additional reductions, which calls for a much more… (...)

Ten key short-term sectoral benchmarks to limit warming to 1.5°C Dec 2017 - This article identifies and quantifies the 10 most important benchmarks for climate action to be taken by 2020 – 2025 to keep the window open for a 1.5°C-consistent GHG emission pathway. (...)

The Climate Change Performance Index 2018 Nov 2017 - Developed by NewClimate Institute and Germanwatch, the index ties in with the global Climate Change Performance Index by Germanwatch, a rating of the 58 largest emitters of GHG emissions globally that has been published annually since 2006. (...)

NDC Update Report – The long and steep climb towards a 1.5 °C world (Nov 2017) Nov 2017 - This report critically analyses perceptions on the NDC implementation progress among national and sector experts involved in NDC processes in emerging and developing countries. Questions addressed in the report include: How confident are we on progress towards NDC implementation?, How easy is it to mobilise the actions needed to achieve… (...)

Countries start to explain how their climate contributions are fair: more rigour needed Nov 2017 - In the lead-up to the Paris Agreement, every country was invited to submit an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC), and indicate how it is fair. We analyse how countries have explained the equity of mitigation and adaptation in 163 INDCs, providing a bottom-up analysis of equity to complement a literature… (...)

Germany’s international cooperation on carbon markets: Status and prospects in select partner countries Nov 2017 - This suite of four publications try to unpack the black box of where countries stand on their readiness to engage in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Article 6 lays down the vision for carbon markets under the Paris Agreement. The three standalone case studies on Ethiopia, Viet Nam and… (...)

The Emissions Gap Report 2017: A UN Environment Synthesis Report Nov 2017 - The goal of the Paris Agreement on climate change, as agreed at the Conference of the Parties in 2015, is to keep global temperature rise this century to well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It also calls for efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5… (...)

Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios for major emitting countries – 2017 Nov 2017 - This new report by NewClimate Institute, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas emissions in 25 major emitting countries/regions up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current policies and the implementation of… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Viet Nam Country Report Oct 2017 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Viet Nam under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials. Fields of mitigation assessed are efficiency, the setting of right incentives for the… (...)

Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions: Indonesia Country Report Oct 2017 - The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Indonesia under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials. Fields of mitigation assessed are land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) governance… (...)

Identified technology needs in TNAs and (i)NDCs Oct 2017 - This briefing paper introduces the Technology Needs Database (TND) compiled to support activities of the National Designated Entity (NDE) of Germany for technology transfer under the UNFCCC. The database captures technology needs identified by developing countries in Technology Needs Assessments (TNAs) and (intended) Nationally Determined Contributions ((i)NDCs) to achieve national… (...)

Manufacturing a low-carbon society: how can we reduce emissions from cement and steel? Oct 2017 - As part of its decarbonisation series, the Climate Action Tracker released an examination of the steel and cement sectors. The report warns that deploying current technologies to decarbonise the steel and cement industries is likely to be not sufficient to meet the Paris Agreement’s 1.5˚C limit. (...)

International Climate Initiatives – A way forward to close the emissions gap? Sep 2017 - This study analyses the potential impact of the most ambitious International Climate Initiatives (ICIs) on GHG emissions in comparison to INDCs, identifies good practices shared by these initiatives, and further discusses the relationship between these initiatives and the UNFCCC. (...)

States, cities and businesses leading the way: a first look at decentralized climate commitments in the US Sep 2017 - Authored by NewClimate Institute and The Climate Group and powered by CDP data, ‘States, cities and businesses leading the way: a first look at decentralized climate commitments in the US’ shows that the US can already meet half of its climate commitments under the Paris Agreement by 2025, if the… (...)

Discussion Paper: CDM Supply Potential up to 2020 Aug 2017 - Authored by NewClimate Institute, Lambert Schneider and Stephanie La Hoz Theuer, this publication forms part of a broader project, commissioned by the German Emissions Trading Authority (DEHSt) at the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA), with the primary objective to analyse the current situation and development of the international carbon markets. (...)

Sectoral implementation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs) Aug 2017 - NewClimate developed a series of NDC sectoral overviews for GIZ, which provide information about current sectoral contributions to global greenhouse gas emissions and prospects for implementing NDCs in these sectors. (...)

Potentials and Limitations of Different Requirements (Offsetting) in Bilateral and Global Carbon Pricing Systems Jul 2017 - This report explores the introduction of carbon taxes with a national offset component and their interactions with other policy areas, and makes recommendations on this topic. In this task, the study focuses on the approaches Chile, Mexico and South Africa have chosen for elaborating their carbon taxes. (...)

Climate Change Performance Index 2017 – G20 edition Jul 2017 - In this special edition of the CCPI, the efforts and performances of the G20 countries are evaluated. The G20 are together responsible for 75% of the global Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) and are therefore the key for starting a global transformation. (...)

Brown to Green Report 2017 Jul 2017 - The Brown to Green Report 2017 by Climate Transparency provides a comprehensive overview of the G20 countries, whether – and how well – they are doing on the journey to transition to a low-carbon economy. It assesses the main trends for the G20 in emissions, climate policy performance, finance, and… (...)

Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor 2017 Jun 2017 - The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor ranks G20 member states on their current attractiveness as potential destinations for investments in low-carbon electricity infrastructure. It further considers their current and future investment needs in line with a trajectory compatible with the 2°C/1.5°C temperature limits of the Paris Agreement. (...)

Foot off the gas: increased reliance on natural gas in the power sector risks an emissions lock-in Jun 2017 - As part of its decarbonisation series, the Climate Action Tracker released an examination of gas in the power sector. The report warns that natural gas will have to be phased out along with coal, if the world is to limit warming to 1.5˚C, as spelt out in the Paris Agreement… (...)

NDC Update Report – Ambition to Action May 2017 - This report is the prologue to a series of update reports on NDC-related topics. The reports will be published twice a year, before international climate change meetings, to present analysis, opinion, and discussion pieces. (...)

A Guide to Greenhouse Gas Benchmarking for Climate Policy Instruments May 2017 - NewClimate Institute and Ricardo Energy and Environment developed a comprehensive technical note for World Bank’s Partnership for Market Readiness program (PMR) on the topic of ‘GHG benchmarking for climate policy instruments’. (...)

Vulnerability of CDM Projects for Discontinuation of Mitigation Activities May 2017 - Authored by NewClimate Institute and the Öko-Institut, this publication forms part of a broader project, commissioned by the German Emissions Trading Authority (DEHSt) at the German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA), with the primary objective to analyse the current situation and development of the international carbon markets. (...)

Deep Dive – What do current policy developments in China, India and the US mean for investing in renewables? (Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor) Apr 2017 - The Allianz Climate & Energy Monitor Deep Dive aims to inform investors and policy-makers on the scale of investments needed in China, India and the US to be in line with the Paris goals; and what recent developments, especially regarding the leadership change in the US, mean for investing in… (...)

Faster and Cleaner 2 – It only takes a few countries to kick-start energy system decarbonisation Apr 2017 - The report based its investigation on the fact that to meet the Paris Agreement’s long-term temperature limit, the global energy system must completely decarbonise by mid-century. (...)

2020: The Climate Turning Point Apr 2017 - Download report “2020: The Climate Turning Point” - the campaign will highlight why the 2020 turning point is necessary, and importantly how it can be realistically achieved, thanks to exponentially growing climate action. The new report, a collaboration between Yale University, Carbon Tracker and Climate Action Tracker (a consortium of… (...)

Mobilizing climate finance flows: Nordic approaches and opportunities Apr 2017 - In a consortium led by the Finnish consultancy GAIA and with the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), NewClimate Institute carried out a study on behalf of the Nordic Working Group for Global Climate Negotiations (NOAK) to identify how Nordic finance institutions can best contribute to mobilising climate finance to developing countries… (...)

Assessing the ambition of post-2020 climate targets: a comprehensive framework Mar 2017 - One of the most fundamental questions surrounding the new Paris Agreement is whether countries’ proposals to reduce GHG emissions after 2020 are equally ambitious, considering differences in circumstances between countries. This research article reviews a variety of approaches to assess the ambition of the GHG emission reduction proposals by countries. (...)

Innovative Financing for the Adaptation Fund: Pathways and Potentials Feb 2017 - This new report explores the potential of seven innovative climate finance options to meet the financing needs of the Adaptation Fund. It concludes that if implemented in a collective manner, these can provide a steady and predictable stream of finance for the Fund. However, the Adaptation Fund Board needs to… (...)

International market mechanisms after Paris Nov 2016 - The purpose of this paper is to identify the main goals and aims of the international carbon market, take into account the general context and environment for carbon markets under the Paris Agreement, identify and discuss the main issues of the relevant paragraphs and analyse issues of the interaction and… (...)

Ten steps in ten years toward the 1.5˚C warming limit – Climate Action Tracker Nov 2016 - Download report Download summary Marrakech, 16 November 2016 The Climate Action Tracker today spelt out ten important, short-term steps that key sectors need to take to help the world achieve the Paris Agreement’s 1.5˚C limit. All key sectors—energy generation, road transport, buildings, industry, forestry and land use, and commercial agriculture—have… (...)

Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios for major emitting countries Nov 2016 - This report provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas emissions in 25 major emitting countries/regions up to 2030, taking into account the emission trajectories based on current policies and the implementation of (I)NDCs. (...)

The Emissions Gap Report 2016: A UNEP Synthesis Report Nov 2016 - The objective of this seventh UNEP Emissions Gap Report is to provide an up-to-date scientific assessment of the global progress towards the emissions reductions required to be on track to meet the long-term goal of the UNFCCC. (...)

1 Gigaton Coalition Report: Renewable energy and energy efficiency in developing countries Nov 2016 - Renewable energy and energy efficiency projects implemented in developing countries from 2005 to 2015 will reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by almost half a gigatonne by 2020, according to the second report by the 1 Gigaton Coalition. (...)

The Paris Agreement: resolving the inconsistency between global goals and national contributions Nov 2016 - Article published in Climate Policy on resolving the inconsistency between global goals and national contributions. We find that many of the contributions are conservative and in some cases may be overachieved. We also find that the preparation of the INDCs has advanced national climate policy-making, notably in developing countries. (...)

Constructing the future: Will the building sector use its decarbonisation tools Nov 2016 - This CAT analysis sets out a 1.5˚C pathway for the buildings sector that would see all new buildings zero-energy in the OECD by 2020 and by 2025 in non-OECD countries, combined with very high rates of deep renovation of older buildings. (...)

Advancing nationally determined contributions (NDCs) through climate-friendly refrigeration and air conditioning: Guidance for policymakers Nov 2016 - This guidance assists policymakers in designing national mitigation strategies for the refrigeration, air conditioning and foam (RAC&F) sector to meet the increasing ambition levels expected in revised NDCs. By aligning efforts taken under the two relevant international regimes, the UNFCCC and the Montreal Protocol, the RAC&F sector can make a… (...)

Two Unconventional Options to Enhance Multilateral Climate Finance Oct 2016 - NewClimate Institute contributed to a policy brief on ‘Two unconventional options to enhance multilateral climate finance’ under the European Capacity Building Initiative (ecbi). (...)

CDP Climate Change Report 2016 Oct 2016 - The CDP Climate Change Report 2016, in collaboration with the We Mean Business coalition, presents carbon emissions and climate change mitigation data from a global sample of 1,089 companies. The first in an annual series, the report tracks companies’ progress on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with the goals… (...)

Co-benefits of climate action: Assessing Turkey’s climate pledge Oct 2016 - This report prepared by New Climate Institute and with Climate Action Network Europe’s contribution, aims at identifying for Turkey the co-benefits of policies compatible with climate change mitigation objectives for job creation, public health and dependency on energy imports. (...)

What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the Netherlands? Oct 2016 - In this study, we have translated the global ambition of the Paris Agreement into concrete sectoral targets applicable to the Netherlands. Climate policy must be strengthened substantially in order for the Netherlands to be in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement. (...)

Designing NAMAs to catalyze bankable low-carbon investments Oct 2016 - This policy brief looks at how to develop NAMAs in the form of policy and financial frameworks that make low-carbon projects bankable. This entails combining policy reforms and targeted interventions that address investment barriers and risks, as well as the development of a pipeline of low-carbon investments. (...)

The road ahead: How do we move to cleaner car fleets Sep 2016 - Zero emission vehicles need to take over car market to reach 1.5°C limit: analysis (...)

Brown to Green Report 2016 Sep 2016 - Download report Visit the 'Climate Transparency' page See open response to comments from the Minister for the Environment and Energy, Australia This “Brown to Green” report by Climate Transparency provides a comprehensive overview and assessment for the G20 countries, whether - and how well - they are doing on the… (...)

Publication in Nature: Paris Agreement climate proposals need a boost to keep warming well below 2°C Jun 2016 - The Paris climate agreement aims at holding global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius and to “pursue efforts” to limit it to 1.5 degrees Celsius. To accomplish this, countries have submitted Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) outlining their post-2020 climate action. Here we assess the effect of current INDCs… (...)

The Paris Agreement – What it Means for Business Jun 2016 - This report looks at the linkages between the Paris Agreement and countries’ NDCs and the business implications in renewable energy markets, carbon pricing, management of climate risks, and resilience building. (...)

The Business End of Climate Change Jun 2016 - This report estimates how large the contribution towards bending the emissions curve to “well below 2°C” from five representative initiatives – RE100, Science-Based Targets, EP100, Zero-Deforestation, and the LCTPi –could be, under the current and expected commitments of an ever-increasing group of companies. It also shows how much bigger it… (...)

Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor May 2016 - The Allianz Climate and Energy Monitor ranks G20 member states on their attractiveness as potential destinations for investment in low-carbon electricity infrastructure. It takes into account their current and future investment needs in line with a 2° C global warming trajectory. (...)

Publication in Local Environment: The transformational potential of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions in Tanzania: assessing the concept’s cultural legitimacy among stakeholders in the solar energy sector Mar 2016 - While energy-sector emissions remain the biggest source of climate change, many least-developed countries still invest in fossil-fuel development paths. These countries generally have high levels of fossil-fuel technology lock-in and low capacities to change, making the shift to sustainable energy difficult. Tanzania, a telling example, is projected to triple fossil-fuel… (...)

After Paris: What is next for Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)? Mar 2016 - This paper outlines what the Paris Agreement means for Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) and what needs to happen at the country level now and in the longer term to implement the Agreement. The paper focuses explicitly on the mitigation part of national contributions and discusses specific steps in response… (...)

Challenges and lessons learned in the preparation of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) Mar 2016 - This document presents a synthesis of the main challenges and lessons learned from the preparation process of intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) by Parties to the UNFCCC in the run up to Paris. (...)

Conditionality of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) Feb 2016 - This briefing paper by NewClimate Institute concisely presents the key information and aspects on the conditionality of countries‘ mitigation contributions in their INDCs. It gives an overview of the variety of forms of conditional contributions and of the types of conditions, which closely reflect some of the important issues discussed… (...)

What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate protection in Germany? Feb 2016 - The long-term global climate goals of the Paris Agreement adopted by nearly 200 countries in December 2015, imply enhanced efforts for greenhouse gas emissions reductions in Germany. The phrasing of the long term goals of the Paris Agreement goes beyond prior political consensus. The objective is to limit… (...)

Narrowing the emissions gap: Contributions from renewable energy and energy efficiency activities Dec 2015 - The inaugural report of the 1 Gigaton Coalition is now available, and details the emissions saved after analysing nearly 6,000 renewable energy and energy efficiency activities in developing countries. (...)

Global Good Practice Analysis 2.0 Dec 2015 - Download Summary Report Download case studies The Global Good Practice Analysis is a joint initiative by the International Partnership on Mitigation and MRV and the UNDP Low Emission Capacity Building Programme and documents examples of mitigation-related good practice worldwide which demonstrate how INDCs, LEDS, NAMAs and MRV systems are being… (...)

Faster and Cleaner – Decarbonisation in the power and transport sectors is surpassing predictions and offering hope for limiting warming Dec 2015 - The transition from fossil fuels to cleaner, safer energy technologies is under way. To pinpoint where decarbonization is happening most rapidly—and to extract lessons and best practices that can be applied to other areas of the global economy where progress is needed in the fight against climate change—this study by… (...)

The sixth Emissions Gap Report 2015 Dec 2015 - Update online: Find an update for this report here. Download report This sixth UNEP Emissions Gap Report provides a scientific assessment of the mitigation contributions from the submitted INDCs. As in the previous reports, it then compares the resulting emission levels in 2030 with what science tells us is required… (...)

How can the new climate agreement support robust national mitigation targets? Opportunities up to Paris and beyond. Dec 2015 - Download report The international community is negotiating a new global climate agreement to be applicable from 2020 onwards. Parties aim at signing the agreement in December 2015, at the Conference of Parties (COP) in Paris. Until then, countries are already preparing proposals for their individual contributions, their Intended Nationally Determined… (...)

Options for assessing ambition of mitigation commitments beyond Paris Dec 2015 - Download report This paper provides an overview of options to assess mitigation commitments before Paris and beyond. This includes a review of current activities to assess individual INDCs as well as a discussion of some of the attributes and requirements such assessment needs to fulfil. The paper goes on to… (...)

Progress towards good practice policies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions Dec 2015 - Go to report This study compared recommendations for good practice climate change mitigation policies from various institutions with the current status of application of these policies by countries. In an initial attempt, a broad set of climate mitigation-related policies covering all sectors were analysed for the 30 major emitting countries… (...)

Preparation of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) as a catalyst for national climate action Dec 2015 - Download report The preparation for the new international climate agreement has advanced national policy making even before the agreement is adopted. NewClimate Institute in cooperation with Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), assessed… (...)

Developing 2°C compatible investment criteria Nov 2015 - This report studies the development of criteria for assessing the compatibility of financial investments with the international goal to limit global temperature increase to below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. (...)

Impacts of the Clean Development Mechanism Nov 2015 - This focus study presents a quantitative assessment of the mitigation impact of the CDM that occurs as a side effect of the current depressed market conditions. The annual net mitigation impact of the CDM in 2014 is in the order of 480 MtCO2e and thus might have reduced global emissions… (...)

How energy efficiency cuts costs for a 2-degree future Nov 2015 - This study indicates that scenarios with higher energy efficiency mostly show lower abatement costs. (...)

NAMAs and INDCs: Interactions and opportunities Nov 2015 - This paper explores the links between NAMAs and INDCs with regard to various elements central to their implementation. (...)

Assessing the missed benefits of countries’ national contributions Nov 2015 - This report investigates the co-benefits associated with countries' Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). (...)

Mitigation commitments and fair effort sharing in a new comprehensive climate agreement starting 2020 Nov 2015 - This report offers deliberations on what a “fair share” for emissions in 2025 and 2030 could be for 10 selected countries. (...)

How much more could Germany achieve through non-state action? Nov 2015 - The aim of this study is to quantify the potential impact of a selected number of actions by non-state actors and partnerships on Germany’s GHG emissions. We focus chiefly on the impact of such initiatives on the 2020 emissions gap, although our analysis also extends to longer-term targets (2030 to… (...)

Publication in Nature Climate Change: National post-2020 greenhouse gas targets and diversity-aware leadership Oct 2015 - Achieving the collective goal of limiting warming to below 2 °C or 1.5 °C compared to pre-industrial levels requires a transition towards a fully decarbonized world. Annual greenhouse gas emissions on such a path in 2025 or 2030 can be allocated to individual countries using a variety of allocation schemes. We reanalyse… (...)

Where do they go from here? Analysing the status quo of CDM projects Oct 2015 - The situation of project activities, and domestic and international capacities related to the CDM, have noticeably deteriorated following the recent decline of the market conditions. However, a major information gap exists regarding the actual status of individual CDM projects worldwide, as well as their current barriers and required means for… (...)

Overcoming the challenges of INDC preparation: experiences and lessons learned Aug 2015 - The report documents the challenges that countries have faced in their INDC preparation process, and lessons learned for overcoming them. (...)

Connecting the dots – Results-based financing in climate policy Aug 2015 - This study clarifies the definition of results-based financing (RBF) and in particular its role in the context of climate policy. The publication is aimed at readers from the carbon markets and climate finance communities alike. It facilitates a common understanding of what RBF as a financing modality involves and is… (...)

Publication in Nature Climate Change: Aligning corporate greenhouse-gas emissions targets with climate goals Aug 2015 - Corporate climate action is increasingly considered important in driving the transition towards a low-carbon economy. For this, it is critical to ensure translation of global goals to greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets at company level. At the moment, however, there is a lack of clear methods to derive consistent corporate… (...)

Comparative assessment of Japan’s long-term carbon budget under different effort-sharing principles Jul 2015 - This article assesses Japan’s carbon budgets up to 2100 in the global efforts to achieve the 2°C target under different effort-sharing approaches based on long-term GHG mitigation scenarios published in 13 studies. The article also presents exemplary emission trajectories for Japan to stay within the calculated Budget. (...)

The impact of good practice policies on regional and global greenhouse gas emissions Jul 2015 - The report The impact of good practice policies on regional and global greenhouse gas emissions by NewClimate Institute, PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis looks at the impact of “good practice” emission reduction policies in nine different areas globally and across six countries:… (...)

Bilateral agreements as basis towards piloting sectoral carbon market mechanisms Jul 2015 - he international carbon market is characterised by an activity gap between existing and future market-based mechanisms. Project-based carbon market mechanisms - such as the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) - no longer provide sufficient incentives for the initiation of greenhouse gas mitigation activities in developing countries. At the same time, procedures… (...)

From 90 pages to 9: Track 0 writes a draft Paris Agreement Jul 2015 - Track 0’s Founder and CEO Farhana Yamin and two of Track 0’s advisors, Erik Haites and Niklas Höhne, have compiled a Paris Agreement which offers one possible way in which the 90 pages of unwieldy text can be whittled down to produce an ambitious, yet politically balanced and comprehensive agreement. (...)

Developing criteria to align investments with 2°C compatible pathways Jun 2015 - This report was prepared in the context of the G7 summit meeting. It maps existing 2°C relevant criteria used by financial institutions and discusses what 2°C criteria might look like for key investment areas. (...)

Carbon market mechanisms in future international cooperation on climate change Jun 2015 - This discussion paper provides an overview of the development of the international carbon market mechanisms and emerging domestic carbon pricing systems, and lays out three distinct but potentially complementary options for market mechanisms in a future climate change agreement. Options for narrowing the emissions gap before 2020 using market mechanisms… (...)

Analysing the status quo of CDM projects May 2015 - This research conducted by NewClimate Institute and Ecofys on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), seeks to address major gaps in the current understanding regarding the status of individual CDM projects worldwide, as well as the barriers and means for supporting… (...)

Enhanced policy scenarios for major emitting countries May 2015 - Main report - May 2015 Download This report elaborated by PBL, NewClimate Institute, IIASA and Ecofys provides an overview of projected greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of seven major emitting countries (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, and the United States) out to 2030, taking into account the emissions trajectories based on… (...)

NewClimate authors Fifth UNEP Emissions Gap Report Dec 2014 - Niklas Höhne and Hanna Fekete are authors of this year’s UNEP Emissions Gap Report which informs governments and the wider community on how far the response to climate change has progressed over the past 12 months. (...)

Process guidance on INDCs prepared by NewClimate Institute staff Dec 2014 - NewClimate Institute staff prepared the process guidance paper entitled ‘Process guidance for Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs)’ for the International Partnership on Mitigation and MRV. (...)

New Climate Institute in Carbon Mechanisms Review

Use and build on what you have: Is a bilateral process suited to testing sectoral approaches that are based on the CDM? Nov 2014 - The international carbon market is in a state of transition, moving away from project-based carbon market mechanisms like the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) towards new international mechanisms which have yet to be defined and finalised. (...)

Beyond pure offsetting: Assessing options to generate Net-Mitigation-Effects in carbon market mechanisms May 2014 - Carsten Warnecke, Sina Wartmann, Niklas Höhne, Kornelis BlokThis research analysed the question if approaches for carbon market-based mechanisms exist that allow the generation of net emission reductions in host countries while keeping project initiation attractive. We present a criteria-based assessment method and apply it for four generic options in existing… (...)

Improving Co-benefits and ‘Triple Win’ Impacts from Climate Action: The Role of Guidance Tools Apr 2014 - Naess, L.O., Hagemann, M., Harvey, B., Urban, F., Hendel-Blackford, S. and Höhne, N.This CDI Practice Paper addresses the role of tools in supporting interventions to achieve the ‘triple wins’ of adaptation, mitigation and development. Over recent years there has been a proliferation of guidance tools to support adaptation or mitigation,… (...)

Are major economies on track to achieve their pledges for 2020? An assessment of domestic climate and energy policies Apr 2014 - Mark Roelfsema, Michel den Elzen, Niklas Höhne, Andries F. Hof, Nadine Braun, Hanna Fekete, Hannes Böttcher, Ruut Brandsma, Julia LarkinMany of the major greenhouse gas emitting countries have planned and/or implemented domestic mitigation policies, such as carbon taxes, feed-in tariffs, or standards. This study analyses whether the most effective national… (...)

China starts trading carbon Feb 2014 - Christian Ellermann, Constanze BöningThis article explains the nature of the new pilot greenhouse gas emission trading schemes (ETS) in China, as well as the significance of their introduction. By moving towards the allocation of emission rights through market mechanisms, the government is signalling that it is addressing climate change seriously… (...)

Can CDM monitoring requirements be reduced while maintaining environmental integrity? Jan 2014 - Carsten WarneckeRecommendations are made for CDM-specific improvements and general structural changes to improve cost-efficiency and reduce uncertainty with relevance to policy developments around future market mechanisms. (...)

Developments in national climate change mitigation legislation and strategy Oct 2013 - Navroz K. Dubasha, Markus Hagemann, Niklas Höhne & Prabhat UpadhyayaPresentation of results from a survey of national legislation and strategies to mitigate climate change covering almost all United Nations member states between 2007 and 2012. (...)

Possible Elements of a 2015 Legal Agreement on Climate Change Oct 2013 - Erik Haites, Farhana Yamin, Niklas HöhneThe paper proposes a clear process for regularly updating and strengthening national commitments. The climate regime needs to move out of continuous negotiation and into a framework of continuous implementation. The paper proposes no explicit differentiation of countries. Rather countries would propose nationally determined commitments,… (...)

Regional GHG reduction targets based on effort sharing: a comparison of studies Oct 2013 - Niklas Höhne, Michel den Elzen & Donovan EscalanteOver 40 studies that analyse future GHG emissions allowances or reduction targets for different regions based on a wide range of effort-sharing approaches and long-term concentration stabilization levels are compared. This updates previous work undertaken for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental… (...)

Countries’ contributions to climate change: effect of accounting for all greenhouse gases, recent trends, basic needs and technological progress Sep 2013 - Michel G. J. den Elzen, Jos G. J. Olivier, Niklas Höhne, Greet Janssens-Maenhout In the context of recent discussions at the UN climate negotiations we compared several ways of calculating historical greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and assessed the effect of these different approaches on countries’ relative contributions to cumulative global… (...)